Photography is generally fine in public places, but ask before taking close-up photos of people, shopkeepers, or anyone in traditional dress, and be especially careful in churches, museums, and at memorials where signs may forbid it or flash may be disruptive. In alpine villages and at events like the Krampuslauf, locals may be more relaxed about pictures, but it is still polite to get permission first and avoid treating people or private homes as tourist props.